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      鳥類是自然界的精靈，濕地水鳥是濕地的精靈。濕地是許多鳥類賴以生存的重要的棲息地，是鳥類的家園和樂土，尤其是許多珍稀瀕危鳥類賴以生存的基礎(chǔ)。濕地鳥類是指示濕地質(zhì)量的重要標(biāo)志，濕地鳥類的種類、多少能夠充分反映出這塊濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生態(tài)功能，是反映濕地質(zhì)量的最直接證據(jù)。

現(xiàn)將中國主要水鳥名錄轉(zhuǎn)載以方便濕地鳥類研究人員使用。名錄中注明有271種水鳥，實(shí)際有272種。

中國主要水鳥名錄

中文名　           學(xué) 名          英文名
潛鳥目 GAVIIFORMES
潛鳥科 Gaviidae (4)
1紅喉潛鳥  Gavia stellata   Red-throated Diver
2太平洋潛鳥 Gavia pacifica   Pacific Diver
3黑喉潛鳥 Gavia arctica   Black-throated Diver
4白嘴潛鳥 Gavia adamsii   White-billed Diver
目 PODICIPEDIFORMES
科 Podicipedidae (5)
5小 Tachybaptus ruficollis   Little Grebe
6角 Podiceps auritus   Horned Grebe
7黑頸 Podiceps nigricollis   Black-necked Grebe
8鳳頭 Podiceps cristatus   Great CrestedGrebe
9赤頸 Podiceps grisegena   Red-necked Grebe
鹱形目 PROCELLARIIFORMES
信天翁科 Diomedeidae（2）
10短尾信天翁 Diomedea albatrus   Short-tailedAlbatross
11黑腳信天翁 Diomedea nigripes   Black-footed Albatross
鹱科 Procellariidae（8）
12暴風(fēng)鹱 Fulmarus glacialis   Pacific Fulmar
13白額鹱 Puffinus leucomelas   White-frontedShearwater
14曳尾鹱 Puffinus pacificus   Wedge-tailed Shearwater
15灰鹱 Puffinus griseus   Grey Shearwater
16短尾鹱 Puffinus tenuirostris   Short-tailedShearwater
17鉤嘴圓尾鹱 Pterodroma rostrata   T ahiti  Petrel 
18點(diǎn)額圓尾鹱 Pterodroma hypoleuca   Bonin Petrel
19純褐鹱 Bulweria bulwerii   Bulwer"s Petrel
海燕科 Hydrobatidae（2）
20白腰叉尾海燕 Oceanodroma leucorhoa   Fork-tailed Storm Petrel
21黑叉尾海燕 Oceanodroma monorhis   Swinhoe"s Storm Petrel
鵜形目 PELACANIFORMES
鸏科 Phaethontidae（3）
22短尾鸏 Phaethon aethereus   Short-tailed Tropic-bird
23紅尾鸏 Phaethon rubricauda   Red-tailed Tropic-bird
24白尾鸏 Phaethon lepturus   Long-tailed Tropic-bird
鵜鶘科 Pelecanidae (2)
25白鵜鶘 Pelecanus onocrotalus   Eastern White Pelican
26斑嘴鵜鶘 Pelecanus philippensis   Spot-billed Pelican
鰹鳥科 Sulidae（2）
27紅腳鰹鳥 Sula sula   Red-footed Booby
28褐鰹鳥 Sula leucogaster   Brown Booby
鸕鶿科 Phalacrocoracidae (5)
29[普通]鸕鶿 Phalacrocorax carbo   Common Cormorant
30斑頭(綠)鸕鶿Phalacrocorax capillatus   Temminck"s Cormorant
31海鸕鶿 Phalacrocorax pelagicus   Sea Cormorant
32紅臉鸕鶿Phalacrocorax urile   Red-faced Cormorant
33黑頸鸕鶿 Phalacrocorax niger   Little Cormorant
軍艦鳥科 Fregatidae（3）
34小軍艦鳥 Fregata minor   Lesser Frigate Bird
35白腹軍艦鳥 Fregata andrwsi   Christmas Island Frigate Bird
36白斑軍艦鳥 Fregata ariel   Least Frigate Bird
鸛形目 CICONIIFORMES
鷺科 Ardeidae (21)
37蒼鷺 Ardea cinerea   Grey Heron
38草鷺 Ardea purpurea   Purple Heron
39綠鷺Butorides striatus   Little Green Heron
40池鷺 Ardeola bacchus   Chinese Pond Heron
41牛背鷺 Bubulcus ibis   Cattle Egret
42白頸黑鷺 Egretta picata   Pied Heron
43大白鷺 Egretta alba   Large Egret
44白鷺 Egretta garzetta   Little Egret
45黃嘴白鷺 Egretta eulophotes   Chinese Egret
46巖鷺 Egretta sacra   Reef Heron
47中白鷺 Egretta intermedia   Intermediate Egret
48夜鷺 Nycticorax nycticorax   Black-crowned Night Heron
49栗頭虎斑鳽 Gorsachius goisagi   Brown Night Heron
50海南虎斑鳽 Gorsachius magnificus   Chinese Night Heron
51黑冠虎斑鳽 Gorsachius melanolophus   Malay Night Heron
52小葦鳽 Ixobrychus minutus   Little Bittern
53黃葦鳽 Ixobrychus sinensis   Yellow Bittern
54紫背葦鳽 Ixobrychus eurhythmus   Schrenck"s Bittern
55栗葦鳽 Ixobrychus cinnamomeus   Cinnamon Bittern
56黑鳽 Ixobrychus flavicollis   Black Bittern
57大麻鳽 Botaurus stellaris   Great Bittern
鸛科 Ciconiidae (5)
58彩鸛 Mycteria leucocephalus   Painted Stork
59白鸛 Ciconia ciconia   White Stork
60東方白鸛 Ciconia boyciana   Oriental White Stork
61黑鸛 Ciconia nigra   Black Stork
62禿鸛 Leptoptilos javanicus   Lesser Adjutant Stork
鹮科 Threskiornithidae (6)
63[黑頭]白鹮 Threskiornis melanocephalus   White Ibis
64黑鹮 Pseudibis papillosa   Black Ibis
65朱鹮 Nipponia nippon   Crested Ibis
66彩鹮 Plegadis falcinella   Glossy Ibis
67白琵鷺 Platalea leucorodia   White Spoonbill
68黑臉琵鷺 Platalea minor   Black-faced Spoonbill
雁形目ANSERIFORMES
鴨科 Anatidae (47)
70黑雁 Branta bernicla   Brant Goose
71紅胸黑雁 Branta ruficollis   Red-breasted Goose
72鴻雁 Anser cygnoides   Swan Goose
73豆雁 Anser fabalis   Bean Goose
74白額雁 Anser albifrons   White-fronted Goose
75小白額雁 Anser erythropus   Lesser White-fronted Goose
76灰雁 Anser anser   Greylag Goose
77斑頭雁 Anser indicus   Bar-headed Goose
78雪雁 Anser caerulescens   Snow Goose
79大天鵝 Cygnus cygnus   Whooper Swan
80小天鵝 Cygnus columbianus   Whistling Swan
81疣鼻天鵝 Cygnus olor   Mute Swan
82[栗]樹鴨 Dendrocygna javanica   Lesser Whistling Teal
83赤麻鴨 Tadorna ferruginea   Ruddy Shelduck
84翹鼻麻鴨 Tadorna tadorna   Common Shelduck
85針尾鴨 Anas acuta   Pintail
86綠翅鴨 Anas crecca   Common Teal
87花臉鴨 Anas formosa   Baikal Teal
88羅紋鴨 Anas falcata   Falcated Teal
89綠頭鴨 Anas platyrhynchos   Mallard
90斑嘴鴨 Anas poecilorhyncha   Spotbill Duck
91赤膀鴨 Anas strepera   Gadwall
92赤頸鴨 Anas penelope   Wigeon
93白眉鴨 Anas querquedula   Garganey
94琵嘴鴨 Anas clypeata   Shoveller
95云石斑鴨 Marmaronetta angustirostris   Marbled Teal
96赤嘴潛鴨 Netta rufina   Red-crested Pochard
97帆背潛鴨 Aythya valisineria   Canvasback
98紅頭潛鴨 Aythya ferina   Common Pochard
99白眼潛鴨 Aythya nyroca   White-eyed Pochard
100青頭潛鴨 Aythya baeri   Baer"s Pochard
101鳳頭潛鴨 Aythya fuligula   Tufted Duck
102斑背潛鴨 Aythya marila   Scaup Duck
103鴛鴦 Aix galericulata   Mandarin Duck
104棉鳧 Nettapus coromandelianus   Cotton Teal
105瘤鴨 Sarkidiornis melanotos   Comb Duck
106小絨鴨 Polysticta stelleri   Steller"s Eider
107黑海番鴨 Melanitta nigra   Black Scoter
108斑臉海番鴨 Melanitta fusca   White-winged Scoter
109丑鴨 Histrionicus histrionicus   Harlequin Duck
110長尾鴨 Clangula hyemalis   Long-tailed Duck
111鵲鴨 Bucephala clangula   Goldeneye
112白頭硬尾鴨 Oxyura leucocephala   White-headed Duck
113斑頭秋沙鴨 Mergus albellus   Smew
114中華秋沙鴨 Mergus squamatus   Chinese Merganser
115紅胸秋沙鴨 Mergus serrator   Red-breastedMerganser
116普通秋沙鴨 Mergus merganser   Goosander
隼形目FALCONIFORMES
鷹科Accipitridat（1）
117鶚 Pandion haliatus   Osprey
鶴形目GRUIFORMES
鶴科Gruidae (9)
118灰鶴 Grus grus   Common Crane
119黑頸鶴 Grus nigricollis   Black-necked Crane
120白頭鶴 Grus monacha   Hooded Crane
121沙丘鶴 Grus canadensis   Shandhill Crane
122丹頂鶴 Grus japonensis   Red-crowned Crane
123白枕鶴 Grus vipio   White-naped Crane
124白鶴 Grusleucogeranus   Siberian White Crane
125赤頸鶴 Grus antigone   Sarus Crane
126蓑羽鶴 Anthropoides virgo   Demoiselle Crane
秧雞科Rallidae (19)
127普通秧雞 Rallus aquaticus   Water Rail
128藍(lán)胸秧雞 Rallus striatus   Blue-breasted Banded Rail
129紅腿斑秧雞 Rallina fasciata   Red-legged Crake
130白喉斑秧雞 Rallina eurizonoides   Banded Crake
131長腳秧雞 Crex crex   Corn Crake
132白眉秧雞 Porzana cinerea   Ashy Crake
133姬田雞 Porzana parva   Little Crake
134小田雞 Porzana pusilla   Baillon"s Crake
135斑胸田雞 Porzana porzana   Spotted Crake
136紅胸田雞 Porzana fusca   Ruddy Crake
137斑脅田雞 Porzana paykullii   Band-beilied Crake
138棕背田雞 Porzana bicolor   Rufous-backed Crake
139花田雞 Porzana exquisita   Swinhoe"s Yellow Rail
140紅腳苦惡鳥 Amaurornis akool   Brown Crake
141白胸苦惡鳥 Amaurornis phoenicurus   White-breasted WaterHen
142董雞 Gallicrex cinerea   Water Cock
143黑水雞 Gallinula chloropus   Moorhen
144紫水雞 Porphyrio porphyrio   Purple Moorhen
145白骨頂 Fulica atra   Coot
鸻形目 CHARADRIIFORMES
雉鸻科 Jacanidae (2)
146銅翅水雉 Metapidius indicus   Bronge-winged Jacana
147水雉 Hydrophasianus chirurgus   Pheasant-tailed Jacana
彩鷸科 Rostratulidae (1)
148彩鷸 Rostratula benghalensis   Painted Snipe
蠣鷸科 Haematopodidae (1)
149蠣鷸 Haematopus ostralegus   Oystercatcher
鸻科Charadriidae (15)
150鳳頭麥雞 Vanellus vanellus   Lapwing
151灰頭麥雞 Vanellus cinereus   Grey-headed Lapwing
152肉垂麥雞 Vanellus indicus   Red-wattledLapwing
153距翅麥雞 Vanellus duvaucelii   Spur-winged Lapwing
154灰斑鸻 Pluvialis squatarola   Grey Plover
155金[斑]鸻 Pluvialis dominica   Eastern Golden Plover
156劍鸻 Charadrius hiaticula   Ringed Plover
157長嘴劍鸻 Charadrius placidus   Long-billed Ringed Plover
158金眶鸻 Charadrius dubius   Little Ringed Plover
159環(huán)頸鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus   Kentish Plover
160蒙古沙鸻 Charadrius mongolus   Mongolian Plover
161鐵嘴沙鸻 Charadrius leschenaultii   Large Sand Plover
162紅胸鸻 Charadrius asiaticus   Caspian Plover
163東方鸻 Charadrius veredus   Eastern Sand Plover
164小嘴鸻 Eudromias morinellus   Dotterel
鷸科 Scolopacidae (48)
165小杓鷸 Numenius minutus   Little Whimbrel
166中杓鷸 Numenius phaeopus  Whimbrel 　
167白腰杓鷸 Numenius arquata   Curlew
168紅腰杓鷸 Numenius madagascariensis   Red-rumped Curlew
169黑尾塍鷸 Limosa limosa   Black-tailed Godwit
170斑尾塍鷸 Limosa lapponica   Bar-tailed Godwit
171紅腳鶴鷸 Tringa erythropus   Spotted Redshank
172紅腳鷸 Tringa totanus   Redshank
173澤鷸 Tringa stagnatilis   Marsh Sandpiper
174青腳鷸 Tringa nebularia    Greenshank
175白腰草鷸 Tringa ochropus   Green Sandpiper
176林鷸 Tringa glareola   Wood Sandpiper
177小青腳鷸 Tringa guttifer   Armstrong"s Sandpiper
178小黃腳鷸 Tringa flavipes   Lesser Yellowlegs
179灰鷸 Tringa incana   Grey Sandpiper
180磯鷸 Tringa hypoleucos   Common Sandpiper
181灰尾漂鷸 Heteroscelus brevipes   Grey-rumped Sandpiper
182漂鷸 Heteroscelus incanus   Gery Sandpiper
183翹嘴鷸 Xenus cinereus   Terek Sandpiper
184翻石鷸 Arenaria interpres   Turnstone
185長嘴鷸 Limnodromus scolopaceus   Long-billed Dowitcher
186半蹼鷸 Limnodromus semipalmatus   Snipe-billed Godwit
187孤沙錐 Gallinago solitaria   Solitary Snipe
188澳南沙錐 Gallinago hardwickii   Latham"s Snipe
189林沙錐 Gallinago nemoricola   Wood Snipe 　
190針尾沙錐 Gallinago stenura   Pintail Snipe
191大沙錐 Gallinago megala   Swinhoe"s Snipe
192扇尾沙錐 Gallinago gallinago   Fantail Snipe
193丘鷸 Scolopax rusticola   Woodcock
194姬鷸 Lymnocryptes minimus   Jack Snipe
195紅腹濱鷸 Calidris canutus   Red Knot
196大濱鷸 Calidris tenuirostris   Great Knot
197紅胸濱鷸 Calidris ruficollis   Red-necked Stint
198西方濱鷸 Calidris mauri   Western Sandpiper
199長趾濱鷸 Calidris subminuta   Long-toed Stint
200小濱鷸 Calidris minuta   Little Stint
201烏腳濱鷸 Calidris temminckii   Temminck"s Stint
202尖尾濱鷸 Calidris acuminata   Sharp-tailed Stint
203巖濱鷸 Calidris ptilocnemis   Rock Sand-piper
204黑腹濱鷸 Calidris alpina   Dunlin
205彎嘴濱鷸 Calidris ferruginea   Curlew Stint
206斑胸濱鷸 Calidris melanotos   Pectoral Sandpiper
207三趾濱鷸 Crocethia alba   Sanderling
208勺嘴鷸 Eurynorhynchus pygmeus   Spoon-billedSandpiper
209闊嘴鷸 Limicola falcinellus   Broad-billed Sandpiper
210高蹺鷸 Micropalama himantopus   Stilt Sandpiper
211黃胸鷸 Tryngites subruficillis   Buff-breastedSandpiper
212流蘇鷸 Philomachus pugnax   Ruff
反嘴鷸科 Recurvirostridae (3) 　
213鹮嘴鷸 Ibidorhyncha struthersii   Ibis-bill
214黑翅長腳鷸 Himantopus himantopus   Black-winged Stint
215反嘴鷸 Recurvirostra avosetta   Pied Avocet
瓣蹼鷸科Phalaropodidae (2)
216紅頸瓣蹼鷸 Phalaropus lobatus   Red-necked Phalarope
217灰瓣蹼鷸 Phalaropus fulicarius   Grey Phalarope
石鸻科Burhinidae (2)
218大石鸻 Esacus magnirostris   Great Stone Plover
219石鸻 Burhinus oedicnemus   Stone Curlew
燕鸻科 Glareolidae (2)
220普通燕鸻 Glareola maldivarum   Oriental Pratincole
221灰燕鸻 Glareola lactea   Small Pratincole
鷗形目LARIFORMES
賊鷗科 Stercorariidae (4)
222中賊鷗 Stercorarius pomarinus   Pomatorhine Skua
223大賊鷗 Catharacta skua   Great Skua
224短尾賊鷗 Stercorarius parasiticus   Short-tailed Skua
225長尾賊鷗 Stercorarius longicaudus   Long-tailed Skua
鷗科 Laridae (33)
226黑尾鷗 Larus crassirostris   Black-tailed Gull
227海鷗 Larus canus   Common Gull
228銀鷗 Larus argentatus   Herring Gull
229灰背鷗 Larus schistisagus   Slaty-backed Gull
230灰翅鷗 Larus glaucescens   Glaucous-winged Gull
231北極鷗 Larus hyperboreus   Glaucous Gull
232漁鷗 Larus ichthyaetus   Great Black-headed Gull
233遺鷗 Larus relictus   Relict Gull
234紅嘴鷗 Larus ridibundus   Black-headed Gull
235棕頭鷗 Larus brunnicephalus   Brown-headed Gull
236細(xì)嘴鷗 Larus genei   Slender-billed Gull
237小鷗 Larus minutus   Little Gull
238黑嘴鷗 Larus saundersi   Saunder"s Gull
239三趾鷗 Rissa tridactyla   Blacked-leggedKittiwake
240楔尾鷗 Rhodostethia rosea   Wedge-tailed Gull
241須浮鷗 Chlidonias hybrida   Whiskered Tern
242白翅浮鷗 Chlidonias leucoptera   White-winged Black Tern
243黑浮鷗 Chlidonias niger   Black Tern
244鷗嘴噪鷗 Gelochelidon nilotica   Gull-billed Tern
245紅嘴巨鷗 Hydroprogne caspia   Caspian Tern
246黃嘴河燕鷗 Sterna aurantia   River Tern
247普通燕鷗 Sterna hirundo  Common Tern
248粉紅燕鷗 Sterna dougallii   Roseate Tern
249黑枕燕鷗 Sterna sumatrana   Black-naped Tern
250黑腹燕鷗 Sterna melanogaster   Black-bellied Tern
251褐翅燕鷗 Sterna anaethetus   Brown-winged Tern
252烏燕鷗 Sterna fuscata   Sooty Tern
253白額燕鷗 Sterna albifrons  Little Tern
254大鳳頭燕鷗 Thalasseus bergii   Large Crested Tern
255小鳳頭燕鷗 Thalasseus bengalensis   Little Crested Tern
256黑嘴端鳳頭燕鷗 Thalasseus bernsteini   Chinese Lesser Crested Tern
257白頂黑燕鷗 Anous stolidus   Common Noddy
258白燕鷗 Gygis alba   White Tern
剪嘴鷗科Rynchopidae (1)
259剪嘴鷗 Rhynchops albicollis   Indian Skimmer
海雀科Alcidae（4）
260扁嘴海雀 Synthiboramphus antiquus   Ancient Murrelet
261斑海雀 Brachyramphus marmoratus   Marbled Murrelet
262角嘴海雀 Cerorhinca monocerata   Hornbilled Auklet
263冠海雀 Synthliboraphus antiqus   Crested Murrelet
鴞形目STRIGIFORMES
鴟鴞科 Strigidae（3）
264毛腿漁鴞 Ketupa blakistoni   Blackiston"s Fish Owl
265褐漁鴞 Ketupa zeylonensis   Brown Fish Owl
266黃腳漁鴞 Ketupa flavipes   Tawny Fish Owl
佛法僧目CORACIIFORMES
翠鳥科 Aleedinidae（6）
267冠魚狗 Ceryle lugubrus   Crested PiedKingfisher
268斑魚狗 Ceryle rudis   Lesser Pied Kingfisher
269普通翠鳥 Alcedo atthis   Common Kingfisher
270赤翡翠 Halcyon coromanda   Ruddy Kingfisher
271白胸翡翠 Halcyon smyrnensis   White-breasted Kingfisher
272籃翡翠 Halcyon pileata   Black-capped Kingfisher

合計 12 目 32 科 271種