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11月20日，第十四屆世界生命湖泊大會(huì)在南昌開幕。會(huì)議由全球自然基金會(huì)與江西省人民政府聯(lián)合主辦，來自世界生命湖泊網(wǎng)成員湖泊機(jī)構(gòu)、聯(lián)合國環(huán)境署（UNEP）、聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計(jì)劃署（UNDP）、國際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟（IUCN）、世界自然基金會(huì)（WWF）等國際組織以及30多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)的代表參加會(huì)議。21日，第十四屆世界生命湖泊大會(huì)、世界生命湖泊網(wǎng)、全球自然基金會(huì)形成“鄱湖共識(shí)”，原文如下：

鄱湖共識(shí)
攜起手來，共同保護(hù)世界湖泊的生命之源

水乃生命之源，湖泊乃地球上天然的盛水巨盆，是孕育生命的天然場(chǎng)所。在人類社會(huì)漫長(zhǎng)的演進(jìn)過程中，湖泊以其慷慨和無私，哺育了人類文明，涵養(yǎng)了生物的多樣性，其恩澤為人類世世代代所感念。

湖泊和濕地又是自然界中非常脆弱的生命系統(tǒng)。在人類活動(dòng)和全球氣候變化的雙重作用下，世界湖泊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)正面臨著嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是隨著人類活動(dòng)對(duì)湖泊的影響日益加劇，造成了大量的湖泊污染和嚴(yán)重富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化，許多湖泊功能退化、甚至逐漸從地球上消失，極大的影響著人類生產(chǎn)和生活。中國2014氣候變化研究報(bào)告指出，氣候變化對(duì)水資源，特別是亞熱帶干旱地區(qū)的水資源產(chǎn)生巨大影響，地球溫度每升高1度，全球大約7%的人口將面臨至少20%水資源的減少。因此，迫切需要世界各國攜起手來，共解湖泊發(fā)展之困、共謀人類與湖泊和諧發(fā)展之路，共同捍衛(wèi)湖泊的“生命之源”。

發(fā)展是永恒的主題。無論是發(fā)達(dá)國家或發(fā)展中國家，都面臨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)的兩難選擇。尤其是發(fā)展中國家，正在加速實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化，保護(hù)環(huán)境的壓力更為巨大，如何在加快發(fā)展中，保護(hù)好我們共同的“一湖清水”是世界各國湖區(qū)人民和熱愛湖泊的友好人士的共同夢(mèng)想。

如何使夢(mèng)想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)？

本次世界生命湖泊大會(huì)的與會(huì)者一致認(rèn)為，必須在尊重湖泊濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的同時(shí)，開展一系列行之有效的行動(dòng)。目前，湖泊保護(hù)有制度和法律保障，但是這些制度和法律亟需得到切實(shí)實(shí)施，許多防治污染技術(shù)手段也需要應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐。土地利用規(guī)劃和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中必須要考慮到湖泊保護(hù)。退化湖泊的恢復(fù)是重中之重的任務(wù)。氮的不斷增加使生態(tài)環(huán)境不堪重負(fù)，導(dǎo)致湖泊富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化和水質(zhì)酸化。各國政府都必須出臺(tái)相應(yīng)的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃來遏制氮的增加，緩解生態(tài)壓力。為了維持整個(gè)水資源生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，必須在實(shí)施水資源保護(hù)政策同時(shí)，采用合理的水價(jià)。水費(fèi)低廉會(huì)滋生錯(cuò)誤的用水理念：工業(yè)企業(yè)極少循環(huán)利用水，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)大量浪費(fèi)水，而那些高爾夫球場(chǎng)則與水資源搶奪土地，擠占了應(yīng)有的水資源空間。

目前中國境內(nèi)的許多湖泊面臨嚴(yán)重的污染問題。鄱陽湖是為數(shù)不多沒有受到嚴(yán)重污染或富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的大型湖泊之一。中國的“零凈損失”濕地保護(hù)政策亟待付諸實(shí)踐。鄱陽湖是中國最大的淡水湖，是江西的母親湖，是世界著名的候鳥棲息地。目前鄱陽湖的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)較為良好，然而，湖區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)化推進(jìn)和工業(yè)化發(fā)展是其可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。近年來，中國政府高度重視鄱陽湖的生態(tài)保護(hù)，采取了一系列措施，如退田還湖，設(shè)立鄱陽湖生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)等，以促進(jìn)湖區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

世界生命湖泊組織贊賞江西省政府在保護(hù)鄱陽湖方面所做出的長(zhǎng)期努力，如恢復(fù)湖區(qū)植被，實(shí)施完善的湖泊保護(hù)制度及法律，在湖區(qū)建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)，及監(jiān)測(cè)水質(zhì)和其他生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能。目前，江西省政府計(jì)劃采取進(jìn)一步措施，確保鄱陽湖枯水期必要的最低水位，以維持其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能和人民生活的需要。我們認(rèn)為，這些舉措都是十分積極和有效的。

各級(jí)政府、科研機(jī)構(gòu)和民間組織的共同努力，使得鄱陽湖成為世界湖泊保護(hù)的成功案例。世界生命湖泊組織將通過分享各國湖泊保護(hù)的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)，為鄱陽湖保護(hù)作出積極貢獻(xiàn)，并將在世界范圍內(nèi)，推廣鄱陽湖保護(hù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。無疑，湖泊保護(hù)之路漫長(zhǎng)、任重道遠(yuǎn)，但在實(shí)現(xiàn)人-湖和諧的愿景上，鄱陽湖已邁出了重要的一步。

第十四屆世界生命湖泊大會(huì)

世界生命湖泊網(wǎng)

全球自然基金會(huì)

2014.11.21

Common Understandings of Poyang Lake 2014

Joining hands together, to protect the world's lakes as a source of life

Water is the source of life, and lakes are important natural basins for water on the earth and therefore natural places for life. In the long evolution process of human society, lakescontribute with irreplaceable “natural services” to the well being of human civilization, and their grace should be remembered by people from generation to generation.

Lakes and wetlands belong to the most valuable and most endangered ecosystems on our planet. They continue to face serious problems or to be lost as a consequence of human actions: pollution, eutrophication, over-abstraction of water, destruction of shores because of urbanizations ….. the list of treats to lakes and wetlands is long, despite the fact that our survival, our well-being and economical development relies on their diverse ecosystem services. Especially lakes in densely populated areas are massively affected and the impact of climate change contributes to an even stronger competition between agriculture, drinking water resources, ecosystems, settlements, industry and energy production. The IPCC Report 2014 on Climate Change underlines the dramatic consequences for our freshwater resources – especially in the dry subtropical regions: For each degree of global warming, approximately 7 % of the global population will be exposed to a decrease of renewable water resources of at least 20%. The dramatic situation of many lakes requires people toimmediately join hands all around the world to solve the numerous conflicts, and seek for a harmonious development between humans and lakes.

Development is an eternal theme. In developed countries as well as in developing countries,we are all faced with the challenge of finding the right way towards a sustainable development based on the protection of the finite natural resources of our planet. Especiallyin developing countries, the accelerating industrialization and urbanization puts a huge pressure on the environment in general and the lakes and wetlands in special. It is a commonvision of all Living Lakes members and for the people living in lake regions all over the world to protect their “lake of clear water” in an accelerating development.

How to make this vision reality?

The participants of the 14th International Living Lakes Conference in Nanchang underline the need of a substantial change of behavior towards profound respect for the ecosystemsservices provided by lakes and wetlands. In most of the cases, legislation for lake protection is there and it is often good, but needs to be better implemented and enforced. Technology to stop pollution is known and available – but application is lacking. Lake protection needs to be a crucial element of land use planning and of socio-economic development policies;restoration of degraded lakes should be a top priority. The increasing overload of nitrogen is responsible for the eutrophication and acidification of many lakes and national and regional governments are strongly requested to approve Nitrogen Action Plans to reduce the overload. A sound water saving policy needs to be implemented as well as the right price for water considering the costs for the maintenance of the water ecosystems. Low price policy gives the wrong incentives: Industry recycles too little water, agriculture wastes too much water, golf courses are competing with water for households.

Also many of China′s are facing severe problems. Except Poyang Lake, most of the largerlakes in China are seriously polluted or eutrophicated. We welcome the Chinese “Zero Loss of Wetlands Policy” which needs to be implemented urgently.

Poyang Lake is China's largest freshwater lake. The “mother lake” of JiangXi province is still a more or less intact ecosystem and a world famous site for migratory birds. Increasing urbanization and industry in the lake region are the biggest challenges for the sustainable development of Poyang Hu. For many years, the Chinese government acknowledges the importance of the protection of the Poyang Lake and its natural resources, and implementeda series of important measures such as returning farmland to lake or the approval of the “Ecological Economic Zone Planning of Poyang Lake” in order to support the sustainable development of the lake district.

The International Living Lakes Network recognizes the long term efforts of the JiangXiProvince for the protection of Poyang Lake: among others the reforestation in the watershed, implementation of sound lake protection legislation, the creation of nature reserves around the lake and profound monitoring of water quality and other ecosystem functions. Currently, JiangXi Province is going to take necessary measures to assure the minimum water level of Poyang Lake during the dry season in order to assure the ecosystem functions to maintain nature and people’s life. This is positive.

The joint effort of the regional government, research institutions and NGO′s makes Poyang Lake a positive example for the type of partnership which we need to achieve successful lake protection. The International Living Lakes Community contributes with expertise and experience from lakes all over the world and looks forward to communicate Poyang Lake as the positive example for lake protection and circular economy in China and all globally.There is still a long way to go and no easy solutions can be provided, but Poyang Hu is on the right way to become an important piece of the common vision of a harmonious relation between people and lakes.

Signed

On behalf of

The participants of the 14th World Living Lake Conference

GNF, The living lakes network

21th Nov. 2014

來源：http://www.jxsl.gov.cn/id_ff80808149ad87bf014a090a2dc437d1/news.shtml